Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

it must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe.

這個頻率是宇宙中任何射電天文學家都應該熟悉的。

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered,

一旦這種波長的實際存在被發現，

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested.

提出把它作為星際間唯一可辨認的廣播頻率就為期不遠了。

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets

沒有這種手段，要想尋覓其他星球上的智力生命，

Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space

would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous and absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.

就如同去倫敦見一位朋友，事先未約定地點，而荒唐地在街上游逛，以期待碰巧遇上一樣。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment.

風俗一般未被認為是什么重要的課題。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation,

我們覺得，只有我們大腦內部的活動情況才值得研究，

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behaviour at its most commonplace.

至于風俗呢，只是些司空見慣的行為而已。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

As a matter of fact, it is the other way around.

事實上，情況正好相反。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Traditional custom, taken the world over,

從世界范圍來看，傳統風俗

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

is a mass of detailed behaviour more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.

是由許多細節性的習慣行為組成，它比任何個人養成的行為都更加引人注目，不管個人行為多么異常。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter.

這只是問題的一個次要的側面。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.

最重要的是，風俗在實踐中和信仰上所起的舉足輕重的作用，以及它所表現出來的極其豐富多采的形式。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes.

沒有一個人是用純潔而無偏見的眼光看待世界。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.

們所看到的是一個受特定的風俗習慣、制度和思想方式剪輯過的世界。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes;

人甚至在哲學領域的探索中，人們也無法超越這些定型的框框。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs.

人們關于真與偽的概念依然和特定的傳統風俗有關。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behaviour of the individual,as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom,

風俗在形成個人行為方面所起的作用和一個對風俗的任何影響相比，

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family.

就好像他本國語言的總詞匯量和自己咿呀學語時他家庭所接納的他的詞匯量之比。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously,

當一個人認真地研究自發形成的社會秩序時，

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation.

杜威的比喻就是他實事求是觀察得來的形象化的說法。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.

個人的生活史首先就是適應他的社團世代相傳形成的生活方式和準則。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.

從他呱呱墜地的時刻起，他所生于其中的風俗就開始塑造他的經歷和行為規范。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture,

到他會說話時，他就是傳統文化塑造的一個小孩子了；

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities,

等他長大了，能做各種事了

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.

他的社團的習慣就是他的習慣，他的社團的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社團不能做的事就是他不能做的事。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Every child that is born into his group will share them with him,

每一個和他誕生在同一個社團中的孩子和他一樣具有相同的風俗；

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part.

在地球的另一邊，誕生在另一個社團的孩子與他就很少有相同的風俗。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom.

而沒有任何一個社會問題比得上風俗的作用問題更要求我們對它理解。

Lesson 44 Patterns of culture

Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties,

直到我們理解了風俗的規律性和多樣性，