Lesson 8 Trading standards

electronic goods and drug manufacturing.

-- 電子產品和藥品的生產。

Lesson 8 Trading standards

The EU -- following fine continental traditions --

歐洲人遵循優良的大陸傳統，

Lesson 8 Trading standards

wants agreement on general principles, which could be applied to many types of products and perhaps extended to other countries.

則希望就普遍的原則取得一致，而這些原則適用于許多不同產品，同時可能延伸到其它國家。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

Alfred the Great acted his own spy,

阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.

他扮作吟游歌手到丹麥軍隊的營地里偵察。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere.

當時，浪跡天涯的吟游歌手到處受歡迎，

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.

他們不是作戰人員，豎琴就是他們的通行證。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth,

阿爾弗德年輕時學過許多民歌，

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術使自己的節目多樣化。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney,

阿爾弗雷德人數不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結時，

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.

丹麥軍已在切本哈姆扎下營準備過冬，阿爾弗雷便來到此地。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.

他馬上發現丹麥軍紀律松弛，他們以征服者自居，安全措施馬馬虎虎。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions.

他們靠掠奪附近的地區的財物過著舒適的生活。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.

他們不僅搜刮吃的喝的，而且搶掠婦女，安逸的生活已使丹麥軍隊變得軟弱無力。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney.

阿爾弗雷德在敵營呆了一個星期后，回到了阿塞爾納。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde.

他集結在那里的軍隊和丹麥大軍相比是微不足道的，

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle:

然而，阿爾弗雷德斷定，丹麥人已不再適應持久的戰爭，

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.

他們的軍需供應處于無組織狀態，只是靠臨時搶奪來維持。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.

因此，面對丹麥人的進攻，阿爾弗雷德沒有貿然同敵人作戰，而是采用騷擾敵人的戰術。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him.

他的部隊不停地移動，牽著敵人的鼻子，讓他們跟著跑。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army.

他派出巡邏隊阻止敵人搶劫，因而饑餓威脅著丹麥軍隊。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered.

這時，阿爾弗雷德發起一連串小規模的進攻，結果不出一個月，丹麥人就投降了。

Lesson 9 Royal espionage

The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!

這一幕歷史可以說是王室諜報活動中最精彩的篇章。

Lesson 10 Silicon valley

Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future.

技術的發展趨勢有可能把硅谷重新推向未來。

Lesson 10 Silicon valley

Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology,

卡弗。米德 -- 集成電路的一位先驅，加州理工學院的計算機教授 --

Lesson 10 Silicon valley

notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh.

注意到，現在有些計算機工作站使工程技術人員可以在他們的辦公桌上設計、試驗和生產芯片，就像一位編輯在蘋果機上編出一份時事通訊一樣。

Lesson 10 Silicon valley

As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars,

由于制造一塊芯片的時間已縮短至幾天，費用也只有幾百美元，

Lesson 10 Silicon valley

engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures.

因此，工程技術人員可能很塊就可充分發揮他們的想像力，而不會因失敗而造成經濟上的損失。

Lesson 10 Silicon valley

Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office -- spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S.a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast.

米德預言發明者可以在辦公室用一個周末的時間生產了完美的、功能很強的、按客戶需求設計的芯片 -- 造就新一代從汽車間起家的技術人員，在把產品推向市場方面使美國把它的外國對手們打個措手不及。