Lesson 53 In the public interest

Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers.

在瑞典，已逐漸形成了一種完善的制度以保護每個公民不受專橫的和不稱職的政府官員的欺壓。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.

由于這種制度行之有效，已被其他國家采納。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.

是瑞典人首先認識到政府工作人員如文職人員、警官、衛生稽查員、稅務人員等等也會犯錯誤或者自以為在為公眾服務而把事情做過了頭。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual.

早在1809年，瑞典論會就建立一個保護公民利益的制度。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.

議會內有一個代表各政黨利益的委員會，由它委派一位稱職的人選專門調查個人對國家的意見。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J. O.' or 'Ombudsman'.

此人官銜為“司法特派員”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J。O ”，即“司法特派員”。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.

司法特派員不受任何政治壓力的制約。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.

他聽取社會各階層的各種大小意見，并進行調查。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year.

由于意見均需用書面形式提出，司法特派員每年平均收到1，200封信。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail.

他有8位律師作他的助手協助工作，每封信都詳細批閱。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection.

司法特派員的工作沒有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公開的，供公眾監督。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.

如果公民的意見正確，司法特派員便為他伸張正義。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.

司法特員采取的行動因意見的性質不同而有所不同。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered.

他可以善意地批評某位官員，也可以甚至向議會提議修改某項法律。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.

下述事件是司法特派員工作的一個典型例子。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner.

一個住在瑞典鄉村的外國人寫信給司法特派員，抱怨說他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因為他是個外國人。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case.

司法特派員立即寫信給當地警察局長，請他寄送與此事有關的材料。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation.

材料中沒有任何文字記載證明外國人所說的情況符合事實，警察局長矢口否認這一指控。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action,

司法特派員難以處理。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his layers to investigate the matter.

但是，當他又收到住在同一村莊的另一個外國人寫的一封內容類似的投訴信時，他立即派出一位律師前去調查。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.

律師證實有個警察確實多次粗魯地對待外國人。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files.

警察歧視外國人的事在官方檔案中不可能加以記載，

Lesson 53 In the public interest

It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.

司法特派員只有派他的代表去核對事實才能了解真相。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would prosecuted.

當事的警察受到嚴厲的斥責，并被告知，如果再有人投訴他，他將受到起訴。

Lesson 53 In the public interest

The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

司法特派員及時采取的行動，迅速制止了這一起不愉快的事件，不然這件事可能因未得到人們注意而不了了之。

Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness

We have been brought up to fear insects.

我們自幼就在對昆蟲的懼怕中長大。

Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness

We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.

我們把昆蟲當作害多益少的無用東西。

Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness

We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.

人類不斷同昆蟲斗爭，因為昆蟲弄臟我們的食物，傳播疾病，吞噬莊稼。

Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness

They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist our lighted windows.

它們無緣無故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它們未經邀請便飛到我們房間里，或者對著露出亮光的窗戶亂撲亂撞。

Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness

We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths.

我們在日常生活中，不但憎惡如蜘蛛、黃蜂之類令人討厭的昆蟲，而且憎惡并無大害的飛蛾等。