penal
adj [esp attrib 尤作定語]
1 of, relating to or used for punishment, esp by law (有關或用作)處罰的, (尤指)刑罰的
penal laws, reforms 刑法、 刑法改革
a `penal colony/settlement, ie a place where criminals are sent as a punishment 罪犯流放地
penal taxation, ie taxation which is so heavy that it seems like a punishment 繁重的課稅(重如懲罰).
2 punishable by law 應受刑罰的
a penal offence 刑事罪.