Hope is definitely not the same thing as optimism. It is not the conviction that something will turn out well, but the certainty that something makes sense, regardless of how it turns out.

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definitely ['d?f?n?tli] 詞頻2 詞根: fin
adv. 明確地;確切地;一定地;肯定地; int. (表強烈的肯定)當然;
?? defin明確+ite具有…性質+ly表副詞 →明確地
"I definitely remember sending the letter."
我記得這封信肯定發出去了。
近義:absolutely, permanently, positively, quite, thoroughly, unconditionally 反義:wonderingly
optimism ['ɑpt?m?z?m] 詞根: opt
n. 樂觀;樂觀主義;
?? optim最好+ism主義 →樂觀主義
"He radiated self-confidence and optimism."
他顯得自信樂觀。
近義:hopefulness, positiveness, sanguineness 反義:malism, miserabilism, negativeness, negativity, futilitarianism
conviction [k?n'v?k??n] 詞頻2 詞根: con
n. 定罪;說服;確信;信念;
?? con全部+vict征服,戰勝+ion表名詞→定罪;堅信
"His conviction was later quashed by the Court of Appeal."
后來,上訴法院撤銷了對他的有罪判決。
近義:ideology, judgement, judgment, assurance, assuredness, notion 反義:hesitation, incertitude, indecision, indecisiveness, indefinition, indetermination
certainty ['s?tnti] 詞頻3 詞根: certain
n. 確定性,確實性;確定的事,必然的事;
?? certain確實的+ty表名詞 → 肯定
"Her return to the team now seems a certainty."
她的歸隊現在似乎已成定局。
近義:assurance, assuredness, obviousness, palpability, patency, positiveness 反義:hesitancy, hesitation, incertitude, indecision, indefinition, indetermination
sense [s?ns] 詞頻1 詞根: 感覺
n. 感覺,官能;意識,觀念;理性;識別力; vt. 感到;理解,領會;檢測出;
?? sens(feel)+e(名詞后綴)→感官;知覺;意義;判斷力;感知
"I can't abide people with no sense of humour."
我討厭和沒有幽默感的人打交道。
近義:intuit, perceive, feel, apprehend, note, notice
regardless [r?'ɡɑrdl?s] 詞頻3 詞根: 看護
adv. 不顧后果地;不管怎樣,無論如何;不惜費用地; adj. 不重視的,不尊敬的;不顧慮的,不關心的;不受注意的,毫無價值的;
?? regard注意+less表形容詞,無...的 →不注意的
"We mustn't attempt unrestricted expansion regardless if it is within our capacity."
我們不能不顧自己的能力企圖無限制地發展.
近義:however, independently, irrespectively, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding

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